PENGERTIAN ETIKA, ETIKET, dan FILSAFAT

PENGERTIAN ETIKA, ETIKET, dan FILSAFAT

Pengertian Etika

Istilah Etika berasal dari bahasa Yunani kuno. Bentuk tunggal kata ‘etika’ yaitu ethos sedangkan bentuk jamaknya yaitu ta etha. Ethos mempunyai banyak arti yaitu : tempat tinggal yang biasa, padang rumput, kandang, kebiasaan/adat, akhlak,watak, perasaan, sikap, cara berpikir. Sedangkan arti ta etha yaitu adat kebiasaan.

Etika Sebagai Anggota Mahasiswa :

1.      Sopan kepada dosen

2.      Mengucapkan salam ketika ingin masuk kelas

3.      Sopan dalam berpakaian

4.      Sopan ketika sedang berbicara

5.      Datang tepat waktu atau tidak telat

Etika Sebagai Anggota Keluarga :

1.      Sopan santun / patuh kepada orang tua

2.      Berbicara lembut kepada orang tua

3.      Membantu orang tua ketika orang tua ingin memerlukan kita

4.      Menuruti nasehat dari orang tua

5.      Bertanggung jawab atas tugas-tugas sebaik anak di dalam anggota keluarga

Pengertian Etiket

Dalam Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia diberikan beberapa arti dari kata “etiket”, yaitu :

1. Etiket (Belanda) secarik kertas yang ditempelkan pada kemasan barang-barang (dagang) yang bertuliskan nama, isi, dan sebagainya tentang barang itu.

2. Etiket (Perancis) adat sopan santun atau tata krama yang perlu selalu diperhatikan dalam pergaulan agar hubungan selalu baik.

Perbedaan Etiket dengan Etika

K. Bertens dalam bukunya yang berjudul “Etika” (2000) memberikan 4 (empat) macam perbedaan etiket dengan etika, yaitu :

1. Etiket menyangkut cara (tata acara) suatu perbuatan harus dilakukan manusia. Misal : Ketika saya menyerahkan sesuatu kepada orang lain, saya harus menyerahkannya dengan menggunakan tangan kanan. Jika saya menyerahkannya dengan tangan kiri, maka saya dianggap melanggar etiket.

Etika menyangkut cara dilakukannya suatu perbuatan sekaligus memberi norma dari perbuatan itu sendiri. Misal : Dilarang mengambil barang milik orang lain tanpa izin karena mengambil barang milik orang lain tanpa izin sama artinya dengan mencuri. “Jangan mencuri” merupakan suatu norma etika. Di sini tidak dipersoalkan apakah pencuri tersebut mencuri dengan tangan kanan atau tangan kiri.

Pengertian Filsafat

Filsafat adalah pandangan hidup seseorang atau sekelompok orang yang merupakan konsep dasar mcngenai kehidupan yang dicita-citakan. Filsafat juga diartikan sebagai suatu sikap seseorang yang sadar dan dewasa dalam memikirkan segala sesuatu secara mendalam dan ingin melihat dari segi yang luas dan menyeluruh dengan segala hubungan. 

Ciri-ciri berfikir filosfi :

·         Berfikir dengan menggunakan disiplin berpikir yang tinggi.

·         Berfikir secara sistematis.

·         Menyusun suatu skema konsepsi, dan Menyeluruh

Empat persoalan yang ingin dipecahkan oleh filsafat ialah :

·         Apakah sebenarnya hakikat hidup itu? Pertanyaan ini dipelajari oleh Metafisika

·         Apakah yang dapat saya ketahui? Permasalahan ini dikupas oleh Epistemologi.

·         Apakah manusia itu? Masalah ini dibahas olen Atropologi Filsafat.

Beberapa ajaran filsafat yang  telah mengisi dan tersimpan dalam khasanah ilmu adalah:

·         Materialisme, yang berpendapat bahwa kenyatan yang sebenarnya adalah alam semesta badaniah. Aliran ini tidak mengakui adanya kenyataan spiritual. Aliran materialisme memiliki dua variasi yaitu materialisme dialektik dan materialisme humanistis.

·         Idealisme yang berpendapat bahwa hakikat kenyataan dunia adalah ide yang sifatnya rohani atau intelegesi. Variasi aliran ini adalah idealisme subjektif dan idealisme objektif.

·         Realisme. Aliran ini berpendapat bahwa dunia batin/rohani dan dunia materi murupakan hakitat yang asli dan abadi.

·         Pragmatisme merupakan aliran paham dalam filsafat yang tidak bersikap mutlak (absolut) tidak doktriner tetapi relatif tergantung kepada kemampuan minusia.

Manfaat filsafat dalam kehidupan adalah :

·         Sebagai dasar dalam bertindak.

·         Sebagai dasar dalam mengambil keputusan.

·         Untuk mengurangi salah paham dan konflik.

·         Untuk bersiap siaga menghadapi situasi dunia yang selalu berubah.

Refrensi :

Tanbihun, 2010, (http://tanbihun.com/pendidikan/definisi-atau-pengertian-filsafat-dan-ilmu-pengetahuan-serta-perbedaannya/#.UI_XxphM31v )

http://pakguruonline.pendidikan.net/buku_tua_pakguru_dasar_kpdd_11.html

Tanudjaja, 2012, (http://tanudjaja.dosen.narotama.ac.id/2012/02/06/pengertian-etika-moral-dan-etiket/#)

Tugas Softskill Bahasa Inggris

Nama               : Eka Mulyani

Kelas               : 3EB15

Npm                : 20209733

1. Who(m) did you see at the party? Tell me who(m) you saw at the party.
2. Who came to the party? Tell me who came to the party.
3. Who(m) did helen talk to? Do you know who(m) helen talked to.
4. Who lives in that apartement? Do you know who lives in that apartement.
5. What happened? Tell me what happened.
6. What did he say? Tell me what he said.
7. What kind of car does Pat have? I can't remember what kind of car Pat has.
8. How old are their children? I can't ever remember how their children are old.
9. Why did you say that? I don't understand why you said that.
10. Where can I catch the bus? Could you please tell me where i can i catct the bus.
11. Who broke the window? Do you know who broke the window.
12. Who did Sara invite? I don't know who Sara invited.
13. How long has Ted been living here? Do you know how long Ted has been living here.
14. What time is flight 677 supposed to arrive? can you tell me what flight 677 is supposed to arrive.
15. Why is Yoko angry? Do you know why Yoko is angry

Halaman 349
1. Who is he? I don't know who he is.
2. Who are they? I don't know who they are.
3. What is that? Do you know what that is.
4. What are those? Can you tell me what those are.
5. Whose book is that? I don't know whose that book is.
6. Whose book are those? Do you know whose those book are.
7. What is a wrench? Do you know what a wrench is.
8. Who is that woman? I wonder who that woman is.
9. What house is that? I wonder what that house is.
10. What is a clouse? Don't you know what a clouse is.
11. What is in that drawer? I don't know what is in the drawer.
12. Who is in that room? I don't know who is in the room.
13. Whose car is in the driveway? Do you know whose car is in the driveway.
14. Whose car is that? Do you know whose that car is.
15. What is on TV tonight? I wonder what is on TV tonight.
16. What is a carrot? Do you know what a carrot is.
17. Whose glasses are those? Could you tell me whose those glasses are.
18. Who am I? he doesn’t know who I am.
19. What’s at the end of the rainbow? The little girl wants to know what’s at the end of the rainbow.

Aktif ke passive voice

Nama               : Eka Mulyani

Kelas               : 3EB15

Npm                : 20209733

 

Aktif ke passive voice

 

2. Thomas Edison inveored the phonograph

the phonograph was inventored by Thomas Edison.

3. Water surrounds an island

an island is surrounded by water.

4. A maid will clean our hotel room

our hotel room will be cleaned by a maid

5. A plumber is going to fix the leaky foucet

the leaky foucet is going to be fixed by a plumber

6. A doctor has examined the sick child

            the sick child has been examined by a doctor

7. The police arrested James Swan

James Swan was arrested by police

8. A large number of people speak Spanish

spanish is spoken by a large number of people

9. The secretary is going to answer the letter

the letter is going to be answered by secretary

10. . carlos is confused by teacher's explanation

The teacher’s explanation confuser carlos

11. My mistake embarrassed me.

i was embarrassed by my miastake

12. Helicopters fascinate children

the children is fascinated by helicopters

13. Shakespeare wrote hamlet

the hamlet was written by Shakespeare

14. This news will amaze you

i wiil be amazed by that news

TUGAS B.INGGRIS BUSSINES

Nama      : Eka Mulyani

Kelas       : 3EB15

Npm        : 20209733

TUGAS B.INGGRIS BUSSINES

1. SIMPLE PRESENT
a. The teacher helps me. I am helped by the teacher. 
b. The teacher helps Jane. Jane is helped by the teacher. 
c. The teacher helps us. We are helped by the teacher. 

2. SIMPLE PAST
a. The teacher helped me. I was helped by the teacher. 
b. The teacher helped them. They were helped by the teacher. 

3. PRESENT PERFECT
a. The teacher has helped Joe. Joe has been helped by the teacher. 
b. The teacher has helped us. We have been helped by the teacher.

TUGAS B.INGGRIS BUSSINES

Nama      : Eka Mulyani

Kelas       : 3EB15

Npm        : 20209733

TUGAS B.INGGRIS BUSSINES

1. SIMPLE PRESENT
a. The teacher helps me. I am helped by the teacher. 
b. The teacher helps Jane. Jane is helped by the teacher. 
c. The teacher helps us. We are helped by the teacher. 

2. SIMPLE PAST
a. The teacher helped me. I was helped by the teacher. 
b. The teacher helped them. They were helped by the teacher. 

3. PRESENT PERFECT
a. The teacher has helped Joe. Joe has been helped by the teacher. 
b. The teacher has helped us. We have been helped by the teacher.

Novel Synopsis Teenlit "Obsession"

Novel Synopsis Teenlit "Obsession"

Nama : eka mulyani

Npm   : 20209733

Kelas  :3eb15

Hello, my name is Jenny and my current Space like a nightmare sequence.
First of all, I despised Hanny, the most popular girl in school who was a friend only. Former sohibku now think less than an amoeba, even I was cursed to live forever unlucky.
Second, two of my classmates who have the same name with a terrible accident. Based on general observations, I will be the next victim. How am I not excited?
Third, I began to live in a bad mood already dwell in the house for six years. Sure, my house reportedly haunted by her white dress and long hair and a little girl. But as long as we live together without disturbing each other really. Now, suddenly appeared in my house of mysterious events.
What happened exactly? True cause of all these problems are the ghosts of the past? Or because of a curse that turns Hanny really efficacious?
Or is there another mystery behind all this? </ Span>
Authors: Xu Lexie
Pages: 240
Price: Rp 35,000
Publication: October 23, 2010